Census

How the land was counted: every census held in the eight countries, from Ceylon's first in 1871 to Pakistan's seventh in 2023, with the Ain-i-Akbari's revenue count of c. 1595 as the pre-modern baseline. Totals are as published; rows the atlas could not read from an official table are stored as needs-check and not shown.

Population at each census

The censuses

Year	Authority	Caste or ethnicity	Note	Total

Values